---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Singing, choirs and talent shows · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "harmony" as employed in choral singing? Exam question 3 of lesson 8 «Singing, choirs and talent shows» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Exam question 3 · Singing, choirs and talent shows

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "harmony" as employed in choral singing?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, employ · **To what, where:** term, choral singing

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 8 «Singing, choirs and talent shows» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "harmony" as employed in choral singing?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	harmony	harmony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	choral	choral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the term |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | participle |  |  |  | choral singing |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An error tolerated by the director of the choir

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e3:o1:1
# text = An error tolerated by the director of the choir
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	tolerated	tolerate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	director	director	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tolerate** | participle |  | a error *not said here* |  |  |  | by the director of the choir | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The simultaneous singing of different notes that sound agreeably together

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e3:o2:1
# text = The simultaneous singing of different notes that sound agreeably together
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sound	sound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	agreeably	agreeably	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | different notes |  |  |  |  | agreeably, together *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sing** |  |  | different notes |  |  |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singing of an identical note by every member

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e3:o3:1
# text = The singing of an identical note by every member
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** |  | every member | a identical note |  |  |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singing of one member at a greater volume than the rest of the choir

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e3:o4:1
# text = The singing of one member at a greater volume than the rest of the choir
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** |  |  | one member |  | a greater volume than the rest of the choir |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient at=place |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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