---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ha… — What a habitat is: home, food, shelter… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a habitat? Exam question 1 of lesson 1 «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 1 · What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a habitat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** habitat

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a habitat?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	habitat	habitat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a habitat |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exclusively the nest or burrow in which an animal sleeps

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e1:o1:1
# text = Exclusively the nest or burrow in which an animal sleeps
1	Exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	burrow	burrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | a animal |  |  | the nest or burrow |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any region remote from human settlement, irrespective of whether an organism may obtain its requirements there

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e1:o2:1
# text = Any region remote from human settlement, irrespective of whether an organism may obtain its requirements there
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	remote	remote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	14	advmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	organism	organism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	obtain	obtain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	requirements	requirement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obtain** | may | any region remote from human settlement | organism's requirements |  | there |  | irrespective *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset requirement=Theme |
| 2 | **require** |  | organism |  |  |  |  |  | nom requirement «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An enclosure in which animals are exhibited to the public

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e1:o3:1
# text = An enclosure in which animals are exhibited to the public
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	5	det	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhibit** | present · passive |  | a enclosure in which animals | the public |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to public=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The place in which an organism obtains the water or air, food, shelter and conditions for rearing young that it requires

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e1:o4:1
# text = The place in which an organism obtains the water or air, food, shelter and conditions for rearing young that it requires
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	organism	organism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	obtains	obtain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	rearing	rear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
20	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
21	that	that	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
23	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obtain** | present | a organism | the water or air and food and shelter and conditions |  | the place |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset water=Theme |
| 2 | **rear** | gerund | a organism *not said here* |  |  |  |  | young *property* | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **require** | present | the place |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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