---
title: Identify the principal reason for which woodlice are confined to dam… — What a habitat is: home, food, shelter… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which woodlice are confined to damp and shaded situations. Exam question 2 of lesson 1 «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 2 · What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which woodlice are confined to damp and shaded situations.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, confine, shade · **To what, where:** principal reason, woodlice, damp, situations

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1 «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which woodlice are confined to damp and shaded situations.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	woodlice	woodlice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	shaded	shade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
14	situations	situation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **confine** | present · passive |  | woodlice |  | damp |  | for the principal reason | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to damp=Destination |
| 3 | **shade** | participle |  | situations |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their respiratory structures must remain moist, and exposure to dry air may prove fatal within hours

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e2:o1:1
# text = Their respiratory structures must remain moist, and exposure to dry air may prove fatal within hours
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	respiratory	respiratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	fatal	fatal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
16	within	within	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | must | Their respiratory structures |  |  |  |  | moist *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **dry** | to-infinitive | exposure *not said here* | air |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient air=Result |
| 3 | **prove** | may | exposure |  |  |  | hour | fatal *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are incapable of locomotion in daylight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e2:o2:1
# text = They are incapable of locomotion in daylight
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	locomotion	locomotion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | of locomotion in daylight; incapable *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They subsist exclusively upon stones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e2:o3:1
# text = They subsist exclusively upon stones
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | They |  |  |  |  | upon stones; exclusively *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are unable to perceive light of any description and therefore remain wherever they first find themselves

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:1-what-a-habitat-is:e2:o4:1
# text = They are unable to perceive light of any description and therefore remain wherever they first find themselves
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	perceive	perceive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	wherever	wherever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	16	advmod	_	_
16	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
17	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **perceive** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | light of any description |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus |
| 3 | **remain** | present | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **find** | present | they | themselves *= they* |  |  |  | first, wherever *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Topic |
| 5 | **light** |  |  | any description |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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