---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Rivers, lakes and ponds · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the diet of red-bellied piranhas. Exam question 3 of lesson 10 «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Rivers, lakes and ponds

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the diet of red-bellied piranhas.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern, belly · **To what, where:** response, diet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 10 «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds:e3:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the diet of red-bellied piranhas.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	diet	diet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	bellied	belly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the diet of bellied piranhas |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus diet=Experiencer |
| 4 | **belly** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red-bellied piranhas subsist exclusively upon blood

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds:e3:o1:1
# text = Red-bellied piranhas subsist exclusively upon blood
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bellied	belly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belly** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **subsist** | present | bellied piranhas |  |  |  |  | upon blood; exclusively *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red-bellied piranhas subsist exclusively upon other piranhas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds:e3:o2:1
# text = Red-bellied piranhas subsist exclusively upon other piranhas
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bellied	belly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belly** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **subsist** | present | bellied piranhas |  |  |  |  | upon other piranhas; exclusively *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red-bellied piranhas subsist principally upon insects, fish, worms and plants, attacks upon humans being infrequent

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds:e3:o3:1
# text = Red-bellied piranhas subsist principally upon insects, fish, worms and plants, attacks upon humans being infrequent
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bellied	belly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
19	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	cop	_	_
20	infrequent	infrequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belly** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **subsist** | present | bellied piranhas |  |  |  |  | upon insects and fish and worms and plants and attacks; principally *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | gerund | attacks *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon humans; infrequent *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red-bellied piranhas subsist principally upon cattle and humans which enter the water, devouring them in a matter of seconds

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds:e3:o4:1
# text = Red-bellied piranhas subsist principally upon cattle and humans which enter the water, devouring them in a matter of seconds
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bellied	belly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	enter	enter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	devouring	devour	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belly** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **subsist** | present | bellied piranhas |  |  |  |  | upon cattle and humans; principally *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **enter** | present | cattle and humans | the water |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination |
| 4 | **devour** | gerund | bellied piranhas *not said here* | piranhas *= piranha* |  | a matter of seconds |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 5 | **matter** |  | seconds |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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