---
title: Identify the principal reason for which zebras at rest are frequentl… — The African savanna area: giraffes, ze… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which zebras at rest are frequently observed to face in divergent directions. Exam question 2 of lesson 101 «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 2 · The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and ant…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which zebras at rest are frequently observed to face in divergent directions.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, observe · **To what, where:** principal reason, zebras, face, divergent directions

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 101 «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which zebras at rest are frequently observed to face in divergent directions.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	zebras	zebra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	TO	_	14	case	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	divergent	divergent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | present · passive |  | zebras at rest | face | divergent directions |  | for the principal reason; frequently *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to face=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That predators approaching from any direction may be detected

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e2:o1:1
# text = That predators approaching from any direction may be detected
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	detected	detect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approach** | gerund | that predators *not said here* |  |  | any direction |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from direction=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **detect** | may · passive |  | that predators |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That their stripes may present a single continuous pattern

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e2:o2:1
# text = That their stripes may present a single continuous pattern
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	present	present	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	continuous	continuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | may | That | a single continuous pattern |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That each individual may defend a separate area of grass

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e2:o3:1
# text = That each individual may defend a separate area of grass
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defend** | may | that individual | a separate area of grass |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Beneficiary |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That the wind may be prevented from disturbing the mane

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e2:o4:1
# text = That the wind may be prevented from disturbing the mane
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	prevented	prevent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	disturbing	disturb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mane	mane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | may · passive |  | that wind |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **disturb** | gerund |  | the mane |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mane=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/)