---
title: State the principal significance of the stiff-legged vertical leap t… — The African savanna area: giraffes, ze… · tree and pragmatics
description: State the principal significance of the stiff-legged vertical leap termed pronking, as exhibited by springboks. Exam question 4 of lesson 101 «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and ant…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the principal significance of the stiff-legged vertical leap termed pronking, as exhibited by springboks.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** principal significance · **What happens:** term, pronk, exhibit · **To what, where:** State

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 101 «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e4:1
# text = State the principal significance of the stiff-legged vertical leap termed pronking, as exhibited by springboks.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	legged	legged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	vertical	vertical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
12	termed	term	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	pronking	pronk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	springboks	springbok	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **term** | past | the principal significance of the legged vertical leap | State |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pronk** | gerund | the principal significance of the legged vertical leap *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **exhibit** | participle | the principal significance of the legged vertical leap *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by springboks | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It enables the animal to reach the foliage of tall trees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e4:o1:1
# text = It enables the animal to reach the foliage of tall trees
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	enables	enable	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enable** | present | It | the animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reach** | to-infinitive |  | the foliage of tall trees |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent foliage=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a dance performed solely in fine weather

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e4:o2:1
# text = It constitutes a dance performed solely in fine weather
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a dance |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dance=Pivot |
| 2 | **perform** | participle |  | a dance *not said here* |  | fine weather |  | solely *property* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It signals to a predator that the animal is fit and not worth pursuing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e4:o3:1
# text = It signals to a predator that the animal is fit and not worth pursuing
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	predator	predator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	fit	fit	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
14	pursuing	pursue	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the animal | signals to a predator *not said here* |  |  |  | fit *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** |  | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pursue** | gerund | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It serves to dislodge parasites from the coat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos:e4:o4:1
# text = It serves to dislodge parasites from the coat
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	dislodge	dislodge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	parasites	parasite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dislodge** | to-infinitive |  | parasites |  | the coat |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent parasite=Theme from coat=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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