---
title: Identify the principal consequence for the polar bear of the earlier… — The polar zone: polar bears · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal consequence for the polar bear of the earlier melting and later freezing of Arctic sea ice. Exam question 2 of lesson 105 «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; M
---

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# Exam question 2 · The polar zone: polar bears

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal consequence for the polar bear of the earlier melting and later freezing of Arctic sea ice.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, Arctic sea ice · **What happens:** identify, freeze · **To what, where:** principal consequence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 105 «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal consequence for the polar bear of the earlier melting and later freezing of Arctic sea ice.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	melting	melting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	_
15	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal consequence |  |  |  | for the polar bear of the earlier melting and freezing of Arctic sea ice | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent consequence=Theme |
| 2 | **freeze** |  | Arctic sea ice |  |  |  |  |  | nom freezing «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No consequence, the species feeding chiefly upon vegetation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears:e2:o1:1
# text = No consequence, the species feeding chiefly upon vegetation
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	feeding	feed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | gerund | the species *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon vegetation; chiefly *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A migration of the species to the Antarctic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears:e2:o2:1
# text = A migration of the species to the Antarctic
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	migration	migration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **migrate** |  | the species to the Antarctic |  |  |  |  |  | nom migration «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shorter period in which to hunt seals and longer intervals without food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears:e2:o3:1
# text = A shorter period in which to hunt seals and longer intervals without food
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hunt	hunt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	intervals	interval	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | to-infinitive |  | seals and longer intervals |  | a shorter period |  | without food | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent seal=Theme in which=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An abundance of seals in open water, rendering hunting easier than before

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears:e2:o4:1
# text = An abundance of seals in open water, rendering hunting easier than before
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	rendering	render	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	before	before	ADV	RB	_	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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