---
title: State the principal difference between the Arctic and the Antarctic. — The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow… · tree and pragmatics
description: State the principal difference between the Arctic and the Antarctic. Exam question 4 of lesson 106 «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Exam question 4 · The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and rei…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the principal difference between the Arctic and the Antarctic.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 106 «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer:e4:1
# text = State the principal difference between the Arctic and the Antarctic.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic is land, whereas the Antarctic is open water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer:e4:o1:1
# text = The Arctic is land, whereas the Antarctic is open water
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Arctic | land and open water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Antarctic |  |  |  |  | whereas open water | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both regions are inhabited by land mammals such as the fox and the bear

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer:e4:o2:1
# text = Both regions are inhabited by land mammals such as the fox and the bear
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	inhabited	inhabit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | present · passive | land mammals such the fox and the bear | both regions |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, whereas Antarctica is ice-covered land surrounded by ocean

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer:e4:o3:1
# text = The Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, whereas Antarctica is ice-covered land surrounded by ocean
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	frozen	frozen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	17	case	_	_
12	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
14	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	advcl	_	_
18	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Arctic | a frozen ocean |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **surround** | participle |  | a frozen ocean *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | Antarctica |  |  |  |  | whereas ice covered land | tree rules |
| 5 | **surround** | participle |  | ice covered land *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both regions are frozen oceans surrounded by land

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer:e4:o4:1
# text = Both regions are frozen oceans surrounded by land
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | both regions | frozen oceans |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **surround** | participle |  | frozen oceans *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/e3/)
- next →: [The Asian forest area: giant pandas, r…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/107-the-asian-forest-area-pandas-red-pandas-tapirs-sun-bears/t1/)
- ↑ back to [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/)