---
title: «giant otters? never heard of 'em, must be loads» Why are they rare? — The South American area: sloths, antea… · tree and pragmatics
description: «giant otters? never heard of 'em, must be loads» Why are they rare? Test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 108 «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Test 10 · ★★★ · The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and g…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«giant otters? never heard of 'em, must be loads» Why are they rare?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** giant otters, otters · **What happens:** not hear, be · **To what, where:** giant otters, loads

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 108 «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters:t10:1
# text = «giant otters? never heard of 'em, must be loads» Why are they rare?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	otters	otter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
12	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hear** *in a quote* | participle |  | giant otters *not said here* |  |  |  | of 'em *= they* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of they=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | must | giant otters | loads |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | otters *= otter* |  |  |  |  | rare *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They moved to Africa

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters:t10:o1:1
# text = They moved to Africa
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | They |  | Africa |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Piranhas ate most of them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters:t10:o2:1
# text = Piranhas ate most of them
1	Piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Piranhas | most of them |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were hunted almost to extinction for their fur

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters:t10:o3:1
# text = They were hunted almost to extinction for their fur
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | past · passive |  | They |  |  |  | to extinction; for their fur | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for fur=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They have always been rare in every river of South America

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters:t10:o4:1
# text = They have always been rare in every river of South America
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | They |  |  | every river of South America |  | always, rare *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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