---
title: Ascertain the condition under which the trap of Dionaea muscipula, t… — Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the condition under which the trap of Dionaea muscipula, the Venus flytrap, is caused to close. Exam question 3 of lesson 11 «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

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# Exam question 3 · Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the condition under which the trap of Dionaea muscipula, the Venus flytrap, is caused to close.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, trap · **What happens:** ascertain, cause, close · **To what, where:** condition, trap

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 11 «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:e3:1
# text = Ascertain the condition under which the trap of Dionaea muscipula, the Venus flytrap, is caused to close.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Dionaea	Dionaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	muscipula	muscipula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	flytrap	flytrap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	close	close	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the condition |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent condition=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | present · passive |  | the trap of Dionaea muscipula and the Venus flytrap |  | the condition |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **close** | to-infinitive | the trap of Dionaea muscipula and the Venus flytrap *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single contact of any kind upon its outer surface, whether by an insect or by a drop of rain

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:e3:o1:1
# text = A single contact of any kind upon its outer surface, whether by an insect or by a drop of rain
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	drop	drop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contact** |  |  | any kind upon kind's outer surface |  |  |  |  | nom contact «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any change in the temperature of the surrounding air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:e3:o2:1
# text = Any change in the temperature of the surrounding air
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stimulation of its trigger hairs twice within approximately twenty seconds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:e3:o3:1
# text = The stimulation of its trigger hairs twice within approximately twenty seconds
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stimulation	stimulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	trigger	trigger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
8	within	within	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stimulate** |  |  | stimulation's trigger hairs |  |  |  | within twenty seconds | nom stimulation «act transitive»: of=patient within=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The onset of darkness at the conclusion of each day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:e3:o4:1
# text = The onset of darkness at the conclusion of each day
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	onset	onset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conclude** |  |  | each day |  |  |  |  | nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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