---
title: A wooden tool and a lump of butter 2000 years old were dug out of an… — Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs · tree and pragmatics
description: A wooden tool and a lump of butter 2000 years old were dug out of an Irish bog in good shape. Why had they not rotted? Test 2 of lesson 11 «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Test 2 · Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wooden tool and a lump of butter 2000 years old were dug out of an Irish bog in good shape. Why had they not rotted?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** dig out, not rot · **To what, where:** wooden tool, Irish bog, tool

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 11 «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A wooden tool and a lump of butter 2000 years old were dug out of an Irish bog in good shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:t2:1
# text = A wooden tool and a lump of butter 2000 years old were dug out of an Irish bog in good shape.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	2000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	bog	bog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig out** | past · passive |  | a wooden tool and a lump of butter |  | a Irish bog in good shape |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary bog=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why had they not rotted?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:t2:2
# text = Why had they not rotted?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rot** | past · perfect · passive |  | tool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone had wrapped them in plastic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:t2:o1:1
# text = Someone had wrapped them in plastic
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | past · perfect · passive |  | Someone |  | plastic |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The butter was made of something that never rots

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:t2:o2:1
# text = The butter was made of something that never rots
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl:agent	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	rots	rot	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive | something | the butter |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material subject=Product |
| 2 | **not** **rot** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peat is a kind of freezer kept below zero all year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:t2:o3:1
# text = Peat is a kind of freezer kept below zero all year
1	Peat	peat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	freezer	freezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	below	below	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Peat | a kind |  |  |  | of freezer | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | participle | a kind *not said here* | zero |  |  | year |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bogs are cold, wet, acid and airless, so rotting is very slow

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs:t2:o4:1
# text = Bogs are cold, wet, acid and airless, so rotting is very slow
1	Bogs	bog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	acid	acid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bogs |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Bogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Bogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | Bogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/)