---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Training and enrichment: keeping zoo a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice of target training in zoological institutions? Exam question 1 of lesson 112 «Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and healthy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragm
---

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# Exam question 1 · Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and heal…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice of target training in zoological institutions?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, practice · **To what, where:** practice, target training

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 112 «Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and healthy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/112-training-and-enrichment/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice of target training in zoological institutions?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	target	target	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	zoological	zoological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	institutions	institution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the practice of target training in zoological institutions |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **practice** |  |  | target training in zoological institutions |  |  |  |  | nom practice «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An animal is compelled by force to approach a designated location

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e1:o1:1
# text = An animal is compelled by force to approach a designated location
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	compelled	compel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	approach	approach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	location	location	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compel** | present · passive | force | a animal |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **approach** | to-infinitive | force *not said here* | a designated location |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent location=Theme |
| 3 | **designate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Visitors are permitted to throw objects at a target within the enclosure

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e1:o2:1
# text = Visitors are permitted to throw objects at a target within the enclosure
1	Visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	target	target	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | present · passive |  | Visitors |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **throw** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | objects |  | a target |  | within the enclosure | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent object=Theme at target=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An animal is sedated in order to be weighed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e1:o3:1
# text = An animal is sedated in order to be weighed
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sedated	sedate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sedate** | present · passive |  | a animal |  | order |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **weigh** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value» |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An animal is rewarded for touching a designated target, permitting movement without coercion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e1:o4:1
# text = An animal is rewarded for touching a designated target, permitting movement without coercion
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	rewarded	reward	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	target	target	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
12	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	without	without	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	coercion	coercion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reward** | present · passive |  | a animal |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **touch** | gerund |  | a designated target |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme target=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **designate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **permit** | gerund |  | movement |  |  |  | without coercion | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent movement=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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