---
title: Identify the principal function of the audible signal produced by a… — Training and enrichment: keeping zoo a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal function of the audible signal produced by a clicker during training. Exam question 2 of lesson 112 «Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and healthy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

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# Exam question 2 · Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and heal…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal function of the audible signal produced by a clicker during training.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, produce · **To what, where:** principal function, audible signal

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 112 «Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and healthy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/112-training-and-enrichment/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal function of the audible signal produced by a clicker during training.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	audible	audible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	clicker	clicker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal function of the audible signal |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme |
| 2 | **produce** | participle |  | the audible signal *not said here* |  |  | during training | by a clicker | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It administers a mild discomfort to the ear in order to deter the animal from error

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e2:o1:1
# text = It administers a mild discomfort to the ear in order to deter the animal from error
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	administers	administer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	discomfort	discomfort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
10	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	fixed	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	deter	deter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **administer** | present | It | a mild discomfort | the ear |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent discomfort=Theme to ear=Recipient |
| 2 | **deter** | to-infinitive |  |  | the animal | error |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: agent=Causer animal=Beneficiary from error=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It summons the visiting public to the enclosure

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e2:o2:1
# text = It summons the visiting public to the enclosure
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	summons	summon	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	visiting	visit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summon** | present | It | the visiting public |  |  |  | to the enclosure | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent public=Recipient |
| 2 | **visit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It replaces the provision of food entirely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e2:o3:1
# text = It replaces the provision of food entirely
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replaces	replace	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	provision	provision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | present | It | the provision of food |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme provision=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **provide** |  | food |  |  |  |  |  | nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It marks precisely the moment of the correct behaviour, prior to reward

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:112-training-and-enrichment:e2:o4:1
# text = It marks precisely the moment of the correct behaviour, prior to reward
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	marks	mark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	precisely	precisely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	5	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	reward	reward	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | present | It |  |  |  | moment |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reward** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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