---
title: Identify the principal reason for which zoological institutions avoi… — Breeding programmes for rare animals:… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which zoological institutions avoid the pairing of closely related animals. Exam question 2 of lesson 113 «Breeding programmes for rare animals: studbooks and frozen zoos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 2 · Breeding programmes for rare animals: studbooks and frozen…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which zoological institutions avoid the pairing of closely related animals.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, zoological institutions, related animals · **What happens:** identify, avoid, pair · **To what, where:** principal reason, pairing

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 113 «Breeding programmes for rare animals: studbooks and frozen zoos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/113-breeding-programmes-for-rare-animals/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:113-breeding-programmes-for-rare-animals:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which zoological institutions avoid the pairing of closely related animals.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	zoological	zoological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	institutions	institution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	avoid	avoid	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pairing	pairing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **avoid** | present | zoological institutions | the pairing of related animals |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent pairing=Location |
| 3 | **pair** |  | related animals |  |  |  |  |  | nom pairing «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Related animals are incapable of producing offspring

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:113-breeding-programmes-for-rare-animals:e2:o1:1
# text = Related animals are incapable of producing offspring
1	Related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	producing	produce	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	advcl	_	_
7	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Related animals |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **produce** | gerund | Related animals *not said here* | offspring |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Result |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such pairings increase the incidence of inherited disease and reduce genetic variety

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:113-breeding-programmes-for-rare-animals:e2:o2:1
# text = Such pairings increase the incidence of inherited disease and reduce genetic variety
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	pairings	pairing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	increase	increase	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	incidence	incidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	inherited	inherit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	reduce	reduce	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	genetic	genetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | present | Such pairings | the incidence of inherited disease |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer incidence=Patient |
| 2 | **inherit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **reduce** | present | Such pairings *not said here* | genetic variety |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer variety=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such pairings produce offspring of excessive size

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:113-breeding-programmes-for-rare-animals:e2:o3:1
# text = Such pairings produce offspring of excessive size
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	pairings	pairing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	produce	produce	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | present | Such pairings | offspring of excessive size |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such pairings are prohibited solely on grounds of the cost of transporting the animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:113-breeding-programmes-for-rare-animals:e2:o4:1
# text = Such pairings are prohibited solely on grounds of the cost of transporting the animals
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	pairings	pairing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	grounds	grounds	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	transporting	transport	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | present · passive |  | Such pairings |  | grounds of the cost |  | solely *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **transport** | gerund | the cost *not said here* | the animals |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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