---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting strategy predominantly employed by the domestic cat? Exam question 2 of lesson 119 «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics 
---

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# Exam question 2 · How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting strategy predominantly employed by the domestic cat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, employ · **To what, where:** hunting strategy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 119 «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting strategy predominantly employed by the domestic cat?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	strategy	strategy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	predominantly	predominantly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hunting strategy |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | participle |  | the hunting strategy *not said here* |  |  |  | by the domestic cat; predominantly *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It obtains prey exclusively by scavenging the remains left by other predators

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt:e2:o1:1
# text = It obtains prey exclusively by scavenging the remains left by other predators
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	obtains	obtain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	scavenging	scavenge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obj	_	_
9	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obtain** | present | It | prey |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset prey=Theme |
| 2 | **scavenge** | gerund |  | the remains |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent remains=Location |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | the remains *not said here* |  |  |  | by other predators | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by predator=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It waits motionless near a location from which prey is expected to emerge

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt:e2:o2:1
# text = It waits motionless near a location from which prey is expected to emerge
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waits	wait	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	motionless	motionless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	location	location	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
9	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	emerge	emerge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | present | It |  |  | a location |  | motionless *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near location=Location |
| 2 | **expect** | present · passive |  | prey |  | a location |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **emerge** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | prey *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It hunts collectively in large organised groups

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt:e2:o3:1
# text = It hunts collectively in large organised groups
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunts	hunt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	collectively	collectively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	organised	organised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | It |  |  | large organised groups |  | collectively *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in group=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It pursues prey over great distances until the prey collapses from exhaustion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt:e2:o4:1
# text = It pursues prey over great distances until the prey collapses from exhaustion
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pursues	pursue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	collapses	collapse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	exhaustion	exhaustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | present | It | prey |  |  |  | over great distances | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent prey=Theme over distance=Trajectory |
| 2 | **collapse** | present | the prey |  |  | exhaustion |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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