---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the leaves of deciduous tree… — Forests: woodland through the year and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the leaves of deciduous trees acquire yellow and orange hues in autumn. Exam question 1 of lesson 12 «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t
---

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# Exam question 1 · Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the leaves of deciduous trees acquire yellow and orange hues in autumn.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, leaves · **What happens:** identify, acquire · **To what, where:** principal reason, yellow hues

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 12 «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the leaves of deciduous trees acquire yellow and orange hues in autumn.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	acquire	acquire	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
13	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	hues	hue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **acquire** | present | the leaves of deciduous trees | yellow hues |  |  | autumn | for the principal reason | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent hue=Theme for which=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The decomposition of chlorophyll reveals pigments previously concealed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:e1:o1:1
# text = The decomposition of chlorophyll reveals pigments previously concealed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	reveals	reveal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	pigments	pigment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reveal** | present | the decomposition of chlorophyll | pigments |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pigment=Topic |
| 2 | **conceal** | participle |  | pigments *not said here* |  |  |  | previously *property* | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **decompose** |  |  | chlorophyll |  |  |  |  | nom decomposition «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves are scorched by the accumulated summer sunshine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:e1:o2:1
# text = The leaves are scorched by the accumulated summer sunshine
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	scorched	scorch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scorch** | present · passive | the accumulated summer sunshine | the leaves |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **accumulate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The action of frost deposits new pigments upon the surface of the leaf

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:e1:o3:1
# text = The action of frost deposits new pigments upon the surface of the leaf
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	deposits	deposit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pigments	pigment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** |  | frost deposits |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves absorb colour from the surrounding soil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:e1:o4:1
# text = The leaves absorb colour from the surrounding soil
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	absorb	absorb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present | the leaves | colour |  | the surrounding soil |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Goal colour=Theme from soil=Source |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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