---
title: Granddad says leaves go red because frost paints them. right? — Forests: woodland through the year and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Granddad says leaves go red because frost paints them. right? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 12 «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Granddad says leaves go red because frost paints them. right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Granddad, leaves, frost · **What happens:** say, go, paint · **To what, where:** leaves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 12 «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:t1:1
# text = Granddad says leaves go red because frost paints them. right?
1	Granddad	granddad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	paints	paint	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
11	right	right	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Granddad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive | leaves |  |  |  |  | red, right *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **paint** | present | frost | leaves *= leaf* |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the rain washes the green away

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:t1:o1:1
# text = No, the rain washes the green away
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	washes	wash	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	green	green	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash away** | present | the rain | the green |  |  |  | away *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent green=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, frost colours the leaves overnight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:t1:o2:1
# text = Yes, frost colours the leaves overnight
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the green is broken down and red colours are made fresh

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:t1:o3:1
# text = No, the green is broken down and red colours are made fresh
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	green	green	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
13	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present · passive |  | the green |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive |  | red colours |  |  |  | fresh *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, without frost the leaves would stay green all through the winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:12-forests-woodland-through-the-year:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, without frost the leaves would stay green all through the winter
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	all	all	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | would | frost and the leaves |  |  |  | winter | green *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/e4/)
- next →: [Forests: woodland through the year and…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/t2/)
- ↑ back to [Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/)