---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the breeding of the bulldog? Exam question 4 of lesson 121 «Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opti
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/e4/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/) / e4

# Exam question 4 · Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the breeding of the bulldog?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** breeding

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 121 «Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the breeding of the bulldog?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	breeding	breeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bulldog	bulldog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the breeding of the bulldog |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its flattened face is an adaptation acquired in the wild by its wolf ancestors for fighting large prey

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats:e4:o1:1
# text = Its flattened face is an adaptation acquired in the wild by its wolf ancestors for fighting large prey
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
17	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Its flattened face | a adaptation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **acquire** | participle |  | a adaptation *not said here* |  | the wild |  | by face's wolf ancestors | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **fight** | gerund | a adaptation *not said here* | large prey |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Co-Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its flattened face is shared by all wild members of the dog family

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats:e4:o2:1
# text = Its flattened face is shared by all wild members of the dog family
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **share** | present · passive | all wild members of the dog family | Its flattened face |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its flattened face was selected by human breeders and is frequently associated with difficulty in breathing

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats:e4:o3:1
# text = Its flattened face was selected by human breeders and is frequently associated with difficulty in breathing
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	selected	select	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	breeders	breeder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	associated	associate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **select** | past · passive | human breeders | Its flattened face |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **associate** | present · passive | human breeders *not said here* |  |  | breathing |  | with difficulty; frequently *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: with difficulty=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its flattened face confers a superior sense of smell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats:e4:o4:1
# text = Its flattened face confers a superior sense of smell
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	confers	confer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	superior	superior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **confer** | present | Its flattened face | a superior sense of smell |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sense** |  |  | smell |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/e3/)
- next →: [Looney Tunes: the real roadrunner and…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/122-looney-tunes-real-roadrunner-and-coyote/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/)