---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the warthog enters its burro… — Timon and Pumbaa: real meerkats and wa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the warthog enters its burrow in reverse. Exam question 3 of lesson 125 «Timon and Pumbaa: real meerkats and warthogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 3 · Timon and Pumbaa: real meerkats and warthogs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the warthog enters its burrow in reverse.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, warthog · **What happens:** identify, enter · **To what, where:** principal reason, burrow, reverse

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 125 «Timon and Pumbaa: real meerkats and warthogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/125-timon-and-pumbaa-real-meerkats-and-warthogs/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:125-timon-and-pumbaa-real-meerkats-and-warthogs:e3:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the warthog enters its burrow in reverse.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	warthog	warthog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	enters	enter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	burrow	burrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	reverse	reverse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **enter** | present | the warthog | warthog's burrow |  | reverse |  | for the principal reason | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme burrow=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its tail is thereby protected from the cold of the night and from biting insects

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:125-timon-and-pumbaa-real-meerkats-and-warthogs:e3:o1:1
# text = Its tail is thereby protected from the cold of the night and from biting insects
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	biting	bite	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present · passive |  | Its tail |  |  |  | from the cold of the night and biting insects; thereby *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from cold=Theme |
| 2 | **bite** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The burrow is thereby cleansed of debris

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:125-timon-and-pumbaa-real-meerkats-and-warthogs:e3:o2:1
# text = The burrow is thereby cleansed of debris
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	burrow	burrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cleansed	cleanse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	debris	debris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cleanse** | present · passive |  | the burrow |  |  |  | of debris; thereby *property* | vn free-10.6.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source of debris=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The burrow is of insufficient width to permit turning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:125-timon-and-pumbaa-real-meerkats-and-warthogs:e3:o3:1
# text = The burrow is of insufficient width to permit turning
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	burrow	burrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	width	width	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	permit	permit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the burrow |  |  |  |  | of insufficient width | tree rules |
| 2 | **permit** | to-infinitive |  | turning |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turning=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its tusks are thereby directed towards the entrance, whence a predator may approach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:125-timon-and-pumbaa-real-meerkats-and-warthogs:e3:o4:1
# text = Its tusks are thereby directed towards the entrance, whence a predator may approach
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	directed	direct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	predator	predator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	approach	approach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | present · passive |  | Its tusks |  |  |  | towards the entrance; thereby *property* | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **approach** | may | a predator |  |  |  |  | whence *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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