---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zaz… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the spotted hyena? Exam question 2 of lesson 126 «The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mandrills and hornbills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pra
---

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# Exam question 2 · The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mand…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the spotted hyena?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, spot · **To what, where:** social organisation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 126 «The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mandrills and hornbills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the spotted hyena?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	spotted	spot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	hyena	hyena	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the social organisation of the spotted hyena |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **spot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clan is governed by a single male, being the largest and strongest of its members

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu:e2:o1:1
# text = The clan is governed by a single male, being the largest and strongest of its members
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	strongest	strong	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	xcomp	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | present · passive | a single male | the clan |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | a single male *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of clan's members; strong *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clan is governed by females, which exceed the males in size and strength

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu:e2:o2:1
# text = The clan is governed by females, which exceed the males in size and strength
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	exceed	exceed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	males	male	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | present · passive | females | the clan |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **exceed** | present |  | the males |  |  |  | in size and strength | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot male=Theme in size=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clan is governed by the youngest cubs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu:e2:o3:1
# text = The clan is governed by the youngest cubs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | present · passive | the youngest cubs | the clan |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clan possesses no hierarchy of any kind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu:e2:o4:1
# text = The clan possesses no hierarchy of any kind
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	hierarchy	hierarchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | the clan | no hierarchy of any kind |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hierarchy=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mandrills and hornbills](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu/)