---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the greater part of the faun… — Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the greater part of the fauna of Madagascar occurs nowhere else upon Earth. Exam question 2 of lesson 127 «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questi
---

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# Exam question 2 · Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the greater part of the fauna of Madagascar occurs nowhere else upon Earth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, greater part · **What happens:** identify, occur · **To what, where:** principal reason, Earth

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 127 «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the greater part of the fauna of Madagascar occurs nowhere else upon Earth.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
17	else	else	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **occur** | present | the greater part of the fauna of Madagascar |  |  | Earth |  | for the principal reason; nowhere *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon earth=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fauna was introduced from Africa by human settlers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e2:o1:1
# text = The fauna was introduced from Africa by human settlers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past · passive | human settlers | the fauna |  | Africa |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fauna has deliberately avoided all other territories

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e2:o2:1
# text = The fauna has deliberately avoided all other territories
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	territories	territory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | present · perfect · passive |  | the fauna |  |  |  | deliberately *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fauna was bred in captivity in zoos and subsequently released upon the island

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e2:o3:1
# text = The fauna was bred in captivity in zoos and subsequently released upon the island
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	bred	breed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	zoos	zoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	released	release	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | past · passive |  | the fauna |  | captivity |  | in zoos | tree rules |
| 2 | **release** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | upon the island; subsequently *property* | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The island separated from other land millions of years ago, and its fauna developed in isolation

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e2:o4:1
# text = The island separated from other land millions of years ago, and its fauna developed in isolation
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	separated	separate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	isolation	isolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **separate** | participle |  | the island *not said here* |  |  |  | from other land millions of years | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient from million=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **develop** | participle | island's fauna | the island *not said here* |  | isolation |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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