---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the method of feeding employed by the aye-aye? Exam question 3 of lesson 127 «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 3 · Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the method of feeding employed by the aye-aye?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, employ · **To what, where:** method, feeding

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 127 «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the method of feeding employed by the aye-aye?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	feeding	feeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	aye	aye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	aye	aye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the method of feeding |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | participle |  | feeding *not said here* |  |  |  | by the aye aye | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It extracts nectar from flowers by means of an elongated tongue

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e3:o1:1
# text = It extracts nectar from flowers by means of an elongated tongue
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	extracts	extract	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nectar	nectar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	elongated	elongate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extract** | present | It | nectar |  | flowers |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent nectar=Theme from flower=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of a elongated tongue | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **elongate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It captures fish in shallow streams by stirring the mud with its elongated fingers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e3:o2:1
# text = It captures fish in shallow streams by stirring the mud with its elongated fingers
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	captures	capture	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stirring	stir	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	elongated	elongate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | present | It | fish |  | shallow streams |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |
| 2 | **stir** | gerund |  | the mud |  |  |  | with mud's elongated fingers | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent mud=Patient with finger=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **elongate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It taps upon bark, detects the tunnels of grubs, and extracts them with an elongated middle finger

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e3:o3:1
# text = It taps upon bark, detects the tunnels of grubs, and extracts them with an elongated middle finger
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	taps	tap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	detects	detect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	grubs	grub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	extracts	extract	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	elongated	elongate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
18	middle	middle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tap** | present | It |  |  | bark |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent upon bark=Destination |
| 2 | **detect** | present |  | the tunnels of grubs |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer tunnel=Stimulus |
| 3 | **extract** | present |  | tunnels *= tunnel* |  |  |  | with a elongated middle finger | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **elongate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It consumes the leaves of grasses at ground level

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs:e3:o4:1
# text = It consumes the leaves of grasses at ground level
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consumes	consume	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	grasses	grass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present | It | the leaves of grasses |  | ground level |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Asset |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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