---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The penguins of Madagascar: real pengu… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the abilities of the chimpanzee? Exam question 4 of lesson 129 «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Exam question 4 · The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the abilities of the chimpanzee?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** abilities

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 129 «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the abilities of the chimpanzee?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	abilities	ability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	chimpanzee	chimpanzee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the abilities of the chimpanzee |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It employs no tools of any description

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps:e4:o1:1
# text = It employs no tools of any description
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	employs	employ	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | present | It | no tools of any description |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It reads printed matter with fluency, as shown in the film, and writes a few simple words

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps:e4:o2:1
# text = It reads printed matter with fluency, as shown in the film, and writes a few simple words
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fluency	fluency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | It | printed matter |  |  |  | with fluency | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Topic |
| 2 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | participle |  |  |  | the film |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **write** | present |  | a few simple words |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is incapable of learning from others of its kind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps:e4:o3:1
# text = It is incapable of learning from others of its kind
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | gerund |  |  |  | others of its kind |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from other=Source |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It cannot read, but may learn numerous symbols and employs sticks and stones as tools

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps:e4:o4:1
# text = It cannot read, but may learn numerous symbols and employs sticks and stones as tools
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	symbols	symbol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	employs	employ	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **read** | can | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **learn** | may |  | numerous symbols |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent symbol=Topic |
| 3 | **employ** | present |  | sticks and stones |  |  |  | as tools | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent stick=Theme as tool=Attribute |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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