---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ice Age: real woolly mammoths · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the woolly mammoth and living elephants? Exam question 4 of lesson 130 «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Ice Age: real woolly mammoths

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the woolly mammoth and living elephants?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, live · **To what, where:** relationship, elephants

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 130 «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the woolly mammoth and living elephants?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
17	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the relationship |  |  |  | of the following statements; between the woolly mammoth; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | gerund |  | elephants |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme elephant=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mammoth was a species of bear clothed in long fur

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths:e4:o1:1
# text = The mammoth was a species of bear clothed in long fur
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	clothed	clothe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the mammoth | a species |  |  |  | of bear | tree rules |
| 2 | **clothe** | participle |  | a species *not said here* |  |  |  | in long fur | vn dress-41.1.1-1-2 «Passive»: agent=Pivot in fur=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mammoth was a close relative of living elephants, nearest of all to the Asian elephant

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths:e4:o2:1
# text = The mammoth was a close relative of living elephants, nearest of all to the Asian elephant
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the mammoth | a close relative |  |  |  | of living elephants | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mammoth was more closely related to the hippopotamus than to any elephant

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths:e4:o3:1
# text = The mammoth was more closely related to the hippopotamus than to any elephant
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hippopotamus	hippopotamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mammoth |  |  |  |  | to the hippopotamus; than any elephant; closely, related *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mammoth was identical in species to the African elephant

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths:e4:o4:1
# text = The mammoth was identical in species to the African elephant
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mammoth |  |  | species |  | to the African elephant; identical *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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