---
title: Identify the principal reason for which peregrine falcons establish… — The city as a habitat · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which peregrine falcons establish nests upon tall urban structures. Exam question 1 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wro
---

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# Exam question 1 · The city as a habitat

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which peregrine falcons establish nests upon tall urban structures.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, peregrine falcons · **What happens:** identify, establish · **To what, where:** principal reason, nests

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which peregrine falcons establish nests upon tall urban structures.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	peregrine	peregrine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	falcons	falcon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	establish	establish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | present | peregrine falcons | nests |  |  |  | for the principal reason; upon tall urban structures | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such structures are maintained at a constant temperature by heating

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:e1:o1:1
# text = Such structures are maintained at a constant temperature by heating
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	constant	constant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	heating	heating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maintain** | present · passive | heating | Such structures |  | a constant temperature |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such structures resemble natural cliffs and the city affords abundant prey

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:e1:o2:1
# text = Such structures resemble natural cliffs and the city affords abundant prey
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	resemble	resemble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	affords	afford	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resemble** | present | Such structures | natural cliffs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **afford** | present | the city | abundant prey |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tall structures repel all other species of bird

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:e1:o3:1
# text = Tall structures repel all other species of bird
1	Tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	repel	repel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repel** | present | Tall structures | all other species of bird |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus species=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peregrine falcons are deliberately housed there by city councils

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:e1:o4:1
# text = Peregrine falcons are deliberately housed there by city councils
1	Peregrine	peregrine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	falcons	falcon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	housed	house	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	councils	council	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **house** | present · passive | city councils | Peregrine falcons |  | there |  | deliberately *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Value |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The city as a habitat, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/t11/)
- next →: [The city as a habitat, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/e2/)
- ↑ back to [The city as a habitat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/)