---
title: Leo says bats are blind and that's why they fly funny. right? — The city as a habitat · tree and pragmatics
description: Leo says bats are blind and that's why they fly funny. right? Test 2 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 2 · The city as a habitat

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leo says bats are blind and that's why they fly funny. right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Leo, bats, that · **What happens:** say, be, fly · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/#t2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t2:1
# text = Leo says bats are blind and that's why they fly funny. right?
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	parataxis	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl:relcl	_	_
12	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
14	right	right	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Leo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | bats |  |  |  |  | blind *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **fly** | present | bats *= bat* |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, every bat is totally blind, so it flies by bumping into things

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t2:o1:1
# text = Yes, every bat is totally blind, so it flies by bumping into things
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	totally	totally	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	bumping	bump	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | every bat |  |  |  |  | blind, totally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | present | bat |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bump** | gerund | bat *not said here* |  |  | things |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into thing=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, bats see better than eagles in the dark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t2:o2:1
# text = No, bats see better than eagles in the dark
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	eagles	eagle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | bats |  |  | the dark |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, bats see only in daylight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t2:o3:1
# text = Yes, bats see only in daylight
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | bats | daylight |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daylight=Stimulus |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, all bats can see, and they also use echolocation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t2:o4:1
# text = No, all bats can see, and they also use echolocation
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | all bats |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **use** | present | bats *= bat* | echolocation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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