---
title: A pipistrelle eats about 3000 midges in a night. Why is a bat in the… — The city as a habitat · tree and pragmatics
description: A pipistrelle eats about 3000 midges in a night. Why is a bat in the garden good news? Test 8 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 8 · The city as a habitat

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pipistrelle eats about 3000 midges in a night. Why is a bat in the garden good news?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** pipistrelle · **What happens:** eat, be · **To what, where:** 3000 midges, bat, garden

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This is test 8 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A pipistrelle eats about 3000 midges in a night.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t8:1
# text = A pipistrelle eats about 3000 midges in a night.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pipistrelle	pipistrelle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	3000	3000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	midges	midge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | a pipistrelle | 3000 midges |  |  | night |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent midge=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why is a bat in the garden good news?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t8:2
# text = Why is a bat in the garden good news?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a bat |  | the garden |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It eats thousands of biting insects

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t8:o1:1
# text = It eats thousands of biting insects
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	biting	bite	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | It | thousands of biting insects |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient |
| 2 | **bite** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It brings rain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t8:o2:1
# text = It brings rain
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brings	bring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | present | It | rain |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It eats the weeds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t8:o3:1
# text = It eats the weeds
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | It | the weeds |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weed=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It keeps foxes and rats away from the bins

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:14-the-city-as-a-habitat:t8:o4:1
# text = It keeps foxes and rats away from the bins
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bins	bin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | It | foxes and rats |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fox=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The city as a habitat, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/t7/)
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