---
title: Identify the principal reason for which sheep congregate closely whe… — Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which sheep congregate closely when circled by a dog. Exam question 2 of lesson 144 «Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was w
---

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# Exam question 2 · Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which sheep congregate closely when circled by a dog.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, sheep · **What happens:** identify, congregate, circle · **To what, where:** principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 144 «Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which sheep congregate closely when circled by a dog.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	congregate	congregate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	circled	circle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **congregate** | present | sheep |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; closely *property* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **circle** | participle | sheep *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by a dog | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animals are physically drawn together by the dog, which pulls them with its teeth

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e2:o1:1
# text = The animals are physically drawn together by the dog, which pulls them with its teeth
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	physically	physically	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	pulls	pull	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw together** | present · passive | the dog | the animals |  |  |  | physically, together *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **pull** | present | the dog | animals *= animal* |  |  |  | with dog's teeth | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animals endeavour to entrap the dog

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e2:o2:1
# text = The animals endeavour to entrap the dog
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	endeavour	endeavour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	entrap	entrap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **entrap** | to-infinitive |  | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A position within the group affords greater safety from predators

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e2:o3:1
# text = A position within the group affords greater safety from predators
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	within	within	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	affords	afford	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afford** | present | a position within the group | greater safety |  | predators |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animals seek warmth from one another

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e2:o4:1
# text = The animals seek warmth from one another
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seek	seek	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	fixed	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | present | the animals | warmth |  |  |  | from one | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/e1/)
- next →: [Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/)