---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the crowing of the domestic fowl at dawn? Exam question 3 of lesson 144 «Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; M
---

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# Exam question 3 · Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the crowing of the domestic fowl at dawn?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** domestic fowl · **What happens:** follow, characteris, crow · **To what, where:** crowing

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 144 «Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the crowing of the domestic fowl at dawn?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	crowing	crowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the crowing of the domestic fowl at dawn |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **crow** |  | the domestic fowl at dawn |  |  |  |  |  | nom crowing «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurs exclusively upon the sun becoming visible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e3:o1:1
# text = It occurs exclusively upon the sun becoming visible
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | It |  |  | the sun |  | exclusively *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon sun=Location |
| 2 | **become** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | visible *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is performed by any farm bird at all, but only upon the instruction of the farmer

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e3:o2:1
# text = It is performed by any farm bird at all, but only upon the instruction of the farmer
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	only	only	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perform** | present · passive | any farm bird at all | It |  |  |  | upon the instruction of the farmer | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **instruct** |  |  | the farmer |  |  |  |  | nom instruction «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is performed by the male fowl in accordance with an internal clock, independently of the sunrise

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e3:o3:1
# text = It is performed by the male fowl in accordance with an internal clock, independently of the sunrise
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	accordance	accordance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sunrise	sunrise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perform** | present · passive | the male fowl in accordance | It |  |  |  | with a internal clock | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is performed by ducks in the absence of a rooster

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs:e3:o4:1
# text = It is performed by ducks in the absence of a rooster
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rooster	rooster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perform** | present · passive | ducks | It |  | the absence of a rooster |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **absent** |  |  | a rooster |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/e2/)
- next →: [Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/144-babe-real-pigs-sheep-and-sheepdogs/)