---
title: Identify the principal reason for which no living animal is capable… — Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and liz… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which no living animal is capable of breathing fire. Exam question 1 of lesson 146 «Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and lizards, and why nothing breathes fire» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Exam question 1 · Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and lizards, and why nothin…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which no living animal is capable of breathing fire.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, living animal · **What happens:** identify, be, breathe · **To what, where:** principal reason, fire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 146 «Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and lizards, and why nothing breathes fire» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which no living animal is capable of breathing fire.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	capable	capable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	breathing	breathe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | no living animal |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; capable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **breathe** | gerund | no living animal *not said here* | fire |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such capacity is prohibited by the laws of the countries concerned

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e1:o1:1
# text = Such capacity is prohibited by the laws of the countries concerned
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	capacity	capacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	concerned	concerned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | present · passive | the laws of the countries | Such capacity |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The production of flame would require stored fuel and ignition, and the soft tissues of the mouth would be destroyed

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e1:o2:1
# text = The production of flame would require stored fuel and ignition, and the soft tissues of the mouth would be destroyed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	ignition	ignition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	tissues	tissue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | would | the production of flame | stored fuel and ignition |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fuel=Precondition |
| 2 | **store** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **destroy** | would · passive |  | the soft tissues of the mouth |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **produce** |  |  | flame |  |  |  |  | nom production «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All such animals became extinct within recent memory

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e1:o3:1
# text = All such animals became extinct within recent memory
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | all such animals |  |  |  |  | within recent memory; extinct *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The production of flame requires a quantity of water no animal can store, and the throat would be extinguished

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e1:o4:1
# text = The production of flame requires a quantity of water no animal can store, and the throat would be extinguished
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	store	store	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	extinguished	extinguish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | the production of flame | a quantity |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme quantity=Precondition |
| 2 | **store** | can | no animal | a quantity *not said here* |  |  |  | of water | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Theme |
| 3 | **extinguish** | would · passive |  | the throat |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **produce** |  |  | flame |  |  |  |  | nom production «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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