---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and liz… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reproduction observed in female Komodo dragons in British zoos? Exam question 3 of lesson 146 «Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and lizards, and why nothing breathes fire» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the depen
---

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# Exam question 3 · Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and lizards, and why nothin…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reproduction observed in female Komodo dragons in British zoos?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, observe · **To what, where:** reproduction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 146 «Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and lizards, and why nothing breathes fire» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reproduction observed in female Komodo dragons in British zoos?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	Komodo	Komodo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	zoos	zoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the reproduction |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **observe** | participle |  | the reproduction *not said here* |  |  |  | in female Komodo dragons in British zoos | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eggs were laid and hatched in the absence of any male, by parthenogenesis

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e3:o1:1
# text = Eggs were laid and hatched in the absence of any male, by parthenogenesis
1	Eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	hatched	hatch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	parthenogenesis	parthenogenesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past · passive | parthenogenesis | Eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 2 | **hatch** | participle | parthenogenesis *not said here* |  |  | the absence of any male |  |  | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **absent** |  |  | any male |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No eggs were produced in the absence of a male

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e3:o2:1
# text = No eggs were produced in the absence of a male
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | past · passive |  | no eggs |  | the absence of a male |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **absent** |  |  | a male |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eggs were laid by a male and incubated by a female

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e3:o3:1
# text = Eggs were laid by a male and incubated by a female
1	Eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	incubated	incubate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	female	female	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past · passive | a male | Eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 2 | **incubate** | participle | a male *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eggs were subsequently found to be those of crocodiles, introduced into the enclosure in error

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards:e3:o4:1
# text = The eggs were subsequently found to be those of crocodiles, introduced into the enclosure in error
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | the eggs |  |  |  | subsequently *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | those |  |  |  | of crocodiles | tree rules |
| 3 | **introduce** | participle |  |  |  | the enclosure in error |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Shrek's dragon: real «dragons» and lizards, and why nothing breathes fire](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/146-shrek-s-dragon-real-dragons-and-lizards/)