---
title: Identify the principal distinction between monkeys and apes. — Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal distinction between monkeys and apes. Exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal distinction between monkeys and apes.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify · **To what, where:** principal distinction

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal distinction between monkeys and apes.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal distinction |  |  |  | between monkeys and apes | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent distinction=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apes are invariably smaller than monkeys and possess longer tails

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops:e1:o1:1
# text = Apes are invariably smaller than monkeys and possess longer tails
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
10	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Apes |  |  |  |  | than monkeys; invariably, small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **possess** | present | Apes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apes inhabit only the Americas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops:e1:o2:1
# text = Apes inhabit only the Americas
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | present | Apes | the Americas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monkeys possess hands, whereas apes possess hooves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops:e1:o3:1
# text = Monkeys possess hands, whereas apes possess hooves
1	Monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	whereas	whereas	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
6	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Monkeys | hands |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme |
| 2 | **possess** | present | whereas apes | hooves |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hoove=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apes possess no tail, whereas most monkeys possess one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops:e1:o4:1
# text = Apes possess no tail, whereas most monkeys possess one
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Apes | no tail |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tail=Theme |
| 2 | **possess** | present | most monkeys | one |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot one=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/t11/)
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