---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs? · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the alleged leaping of lemmings from cliffs. Exam question 1 of lesson 150 «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

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# Exam question 1 · Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the alleged leaping of lemmings from cliffs.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern, allege · **To what, where:** response, alleged leaping

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 150 «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs:e1:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the alleged leaping of lemmings from cliffs.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	alleged	allege	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	leaping	leaping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the alleged leaping of lemmings from cliffs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus leaping=Experiencer |
| 4 | **allege** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The notion is a myth, popularised by a film of 1958 in which the scene was contrived

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs:e1:o1:1
# text = The notion is a myth, popularised by a film of 1958 in which the scene was contrived
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	notion	notion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	popularised	popularis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1958	1958	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	contrived	contrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the notion | a myth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **popularis** | participle |  | a myth *not said here* |  |  |  | by a film of 1958 | tree rules |
| 3 | **contrive** | past · passive |  | the scene |  | a film of 1958 |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The behaviour is confined to the eldest members of a group

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs:e1:o2:1
# text = The behaviour is confined to the eldest members of a group
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | present · passive |  | the behaviour |  | the eldest members of a group |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to member=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The behaviour occurs exclusively in the Scandinavian winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs:e1:o3:1
# text = The behaviour occurs exclusively in the Scandinavian winter
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Scandinavian	scandinavian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | the behaviour |  |  |  | winter | exclusively *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The behaviour is regularly recorded by scientists in all years and in every region where the animal lives

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs:e1:o4:1
# text = The behaviour is regularly recorded by scientists in all years and in every region where the animal lives
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	regularly	regularly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | present · passive | scientists | the behaviour |  |  | year | regularly *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | present | the animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/t11/)
- next →: [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/)