---
title: It is given that a fish keeper sounds a bell on each occasion prior… — Myth check: do goldfish have a three-s… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a fish keeper sounds a bell on each occasion prior to feeding. Determine the behaviour subsequently exhibited by the fish. Exam question 3 of lesson 152 «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and
---

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# Exam question 3 · Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a fish keeper sounds a bell on each occasion prior to feeding. Determine the behaviour subsequently exhibited by the fish.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** fish keeper, you · **What happens:** give, sound, determine, exhibit · **To what, where:** It, bell, occasion, behaviour

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 152 «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/152-goldfish-memory/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a fish keeper sounds a bell on each occasion prior to feeding.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e3:1
# text = It is given that a fish keeper sounds a bell on each occasion prior to feeding.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	keeper	keeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	feeding	feeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **sound** | present | a fish keeper | a bell |  | each occasion prior feeding |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bell=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the behaviour subsequently exhibited by the fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e3:2
# text = Determine the behaviour subsequently exhibited by the fish.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the behaviour |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent behaviour=Topic |
| 2 | **exhibit** | participle |  | the behaviour *not said here* |  |  |  | by the fish; subsequently *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish exhibit no alteration in behaviour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e3:o1:1
# text = The fish exhibit no alteration in behaviour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	exhibit	exhibit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	alteration	alteration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhibit** | present | the fish | no alteration |  | behaviour |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alteration=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish assemble upon hearing the bell, in anticipation of food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e3:o2:1
# text = The fish assemble upon hearing the bell, in anticipation of food
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	assemble	assemble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	anticipation	anticipation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assemble** | present | the fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | gerund | the fish *not said here* | the bell |  | anticipation of food |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bell=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish disperse upon hearing the bell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e3:o3:1
# text = The fish disperse upon hearing the bell
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	disperse	disperse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | gerund |  | the bell |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bell=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish cease to feed altogether

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e3:o4:1
# text = The fish cease to feed altogether
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cease	cease	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	altogether	altogether	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | present | the fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **feed** | to-infinitive | the fish *not said here* |  |  |  |  | altogether *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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