---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Myth check: do goldfish have a three-s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of the domestic goldfish? Exam question 4 of lesson 152 «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each
---

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# Exam question 4 · Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of the domestic goldfish?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** origin

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 152 «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/152-goldfish-memory/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of the domestic goldfish?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	goldfish	goldfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the origin of the domestic goldfish |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was produced artificially by breeders in Europe within the present century

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e4:o1:1
# text = It was produced artificially by breeders in Europe within the present century
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	artificially	artificially	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	breeders	breeder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | past · passive | breeders | It |  | Europe | century | artificially *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a marine fish of tropical coral reefs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e4:o2:1
# text = It is a marine fish of tropical coral reefs
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	marine	marine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	coral	coral	NOUN	NN	_	9	compound	_	_
9	reefs	reef	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a marine fish |  |  |  | of tropical coral reefs | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was bred from a wild carp in China over approximately one thousand years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e4:o3:1
# text = It was bred from a wild carp in China over approximately one thousand years
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	bred	breed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	over	over	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	_
13	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | past · passive |  | It |  | a wild carp in China | year |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It descends from a species of shark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:152-goldfish-memory:e4:o4:1
# text = It descends from a species of shark
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	descends	descend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present | It |  |  | a species of shark |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from species=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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