---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Myth check: are bats blind? · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of the common vampire bat? Exam question 3 of lesson 153 «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Exam question 3 · Myth check: are bats blind?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of the common vampire bat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** diet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 153 «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/153-are-bats-blind/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:153-are-bats-blind:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of the common vampire bat?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	diet	diet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	vampire	vampire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the diet of the common vampire bat |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It subsists principally upon the blood of cattle, horses and birds, and seldom upon that of human beings

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:153-are-bats-blind:e3:o1:1
# text = It subsists principally upon the blood of cattle, horses and birds, and seldom upon that of human beings
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	seldom	seldom	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | upon the blood of cattle and horses and birds; upon that; principally *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It subsists exclusively upon fruit and nectar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:153-are-bats-blind:e3:o2:1
# text = It subsists exclusively upon fruit and nectar
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	nectar	nectar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | upon fruit and nectar; exclusively *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It subsists principally upon the blood of human beings, whom it visits at night in the towns of Europe

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:153-are-bats-blind:e3:o3:1
# text = It subsists principally upon the blood of human beings, whom it visits at night in the towns of Europe
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	visits	visit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | upon the blood of human beings; principally *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **visit** | present | blood | human beings |  | the towns of Europe | night |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Co-Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It subsists principally upon fish taken from rivers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:153-are-bats-blind:e3:o4:1
# text = It subsists principally upon fish taken from rivers
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | upon fish; principally *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | participle |  | fish *not said here* |  | rivers |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from river=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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