---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the arapaima rises periodica… — The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flood… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the arapaima rises periodically to the surface. Exam question 2 of lesson 155 «The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fish and piranhas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Exam question 2 · The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fis…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the arapaima rises periodically to the surface.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, arapaima · **What happens:** identify, rise · **To what, where:** principal reason, surface

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 155 «The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fish and piranhas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/155-the-amazon-river/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:155-the-amazon-river:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the arapaima rises periodically to the surface.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	arapaima	arapaima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
10	periodically	periodically	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **rise** | present | the arapaima |  |  | the surface |  | for the principal reason; periodically *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to surface=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It thereby feeds upon insects alighting upon the surface of the water during the night

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:155-the-amazon-river:e2:o1:1
# text = It thereby feeds upon insects alighting upon the surface of the water during the night
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	feeds	feed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	alighting	alight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | present | It |  |  |  | night | upon insects; thereby *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **alight** | gerund | insects *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon the surface of the water | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is obliged to breathe air, the warm flood water holding little oxygen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:155-the-amazon-river:e2:o2:1
# text = It is obliged to breathe air, the warm flood water holding little oxygen
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oblige** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | the warm flood water *obl* | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 2 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  | air |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 3 | **hold** | gerund | the warm flood water *not said here* | little oxygen |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It thereby signals to other members of its species

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:155-the-amazon-river:e2:o3:1
# text = It thereby signals to other members of its species
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It thereby lowers its body temperature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:155-the-amazon-river:e2:o4:1
# text = It thereby lowers its body temperature
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	lowers	lower	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lower** | present | It | its body temperature |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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