---
title: Ascertain the consequence observed upon the killing by hunters of th… — Amazon giants and tall tales: anaconda… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the consequence observed upon the killing by hunters of the majority of black caimans. Exam question 4 of lesson 158 «Amazon giants and tall tales: anacondas, caimans, electric eels and the candiru» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Amazon giants and tall tales: anacondas, caimans, electric…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the consequence observed upon the killing by hunters of the majority of black caimans.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, observe · **To what, where:** consequence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 158 «Amazon giants and tall tales: anacondas, caimans, electric eels and the candiru» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the consequence observed upon the killing by hunters of the majority of black caimans.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the consequence |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Topic |
| 2 | **observe** | participle |  | the consequence *not said here* |  |  |  | upon the killing; by hunters of the majority of black caimans | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drying of the river channel

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales:e4:o1:1
# text = The drying of the river channel
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drying	drying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	channel	channel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The disappearance of capybaras from the river, the caimans having driven them away

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales:e4:o2:1
# text = The disappearance of capybaras from the river, the caimans having driven them away
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	disappearance	disappearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	capybaras	capybara	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	aux	_	_
12	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive away** | gerund · perfect · passive |  | the disappearance of capybaras from the river |  |  |  | away *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme they=Destination |
| 2 | **disappear** |  | capybaras from the river |  |  |  |  |  | nom disappearance «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A decline in the number of piranhas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales:e4:o3:1
# text = A decline in the number of piranhas
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An increase in the number of piranhas, upon which the caimans had preyed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:158-amazon-giants-and-tall-tales:e4:o4:1
# text = An increase in the number of piranhas, upon which the caimans had preyed
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	preyed	prey	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prey** | past · perfect · passive |  | the caimans |  |  |  | upon a increase in the number of piranhas | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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