---
title: Identify the principal circumstance that led to the separation of ch… — The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal circumstance that led to the separation of chimpanzees and bonobos into distinct species. Exam question 2 of lesson 159 «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# Exam question 2 · The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal circumstance that led to the separation of chimpanzees and bonobos into distinct species.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principal circumstance, chimpanzees · **What happens:** identify, lead, separate · **To what, where:** principal circumstance, distinct species

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 159 «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/159-the-congo-rainforest/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal circumstance that led to the separation of chimpanzees and bonobos into distinct species.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	separation	separation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal circumstance |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent circumstance=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | past | the principal circumstance |  |  | distinct species |  | to the separation of chimpanzees and bonobos | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to separation=Patient |
| 3 | **separate** |  | chimpanzees and bonobos |  |  |  |  |  | nom separation «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The formation of the Congo River as a barrier which their ancestors could not cross

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest:e2:o1:1
# text = The formation of the Congo River as a barrier which their ancestors could not cross
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	barrier	barrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
13	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cross** | could | their ancestors | a barrier |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The extinction of the gorilla within the region

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest:e2:o2:1
# text = The extinction of the gorilla within the region
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** |  |  | the gorilla |  |  |  | within the region | nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient within=obl |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The deliberate breeding of the two forms by human beings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest:e2:o3:1
# text = The deliberate breeding of the two forms by human beings
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	breeding	breeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** |  | human beings |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: by=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The migration of the bonobo to the mountains of East Africa, far from the river

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:159-the-congo-rainforest:e2:o4:1
# text = The migration of the bonobo to the mountains of East Africa, far from the river
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	migration	migration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **migrate** |  | the bonobo |  |  |  |  | to the mountains of East Africa | nom migration «act intransitive»: of=agent to=obl |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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