---
title: Identify the principal significance of the observation made by Jane… — The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal significance of the observation made by Jane Goodall at Gombe in 1960. Exam question 1 of lesson 16 «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each 
---

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# Exam question 1 · The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal significance of the observation made by Jane Goodall at Gombe in 1960.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, make · **To what, where:** principal significance, observation, 1960

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 16 «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/16-the-great-apes/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:16-the-great-apes:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal significance of the observation made by Jane Goodall at Gombe in 1960.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Jane	Jane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Goodall	Goodall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl:agent	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Gombe	Gombe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal significance of the observation |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent significance=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the observation *not said here* |  | 1960 |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It established that termites cultivate chimpanzees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:16-the-great-apes:e1:o1:1
# text = It established that termites cultivate chimpanzees
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	established	establish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	termites	termite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **cultivate** | present | termites | chimpanzees |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chimpanzee=Product |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It demonstrated that animals other than humans manufacture tools

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:16-the-great-apes:e1:o2:1
# text = It demonstrated that animals other than humans manufacture tools
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	manufacture	manufacture	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demonstrate** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **manufacture** | present | animals | tools |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It demonstrated that gorillas consume meat habitually

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:16-the-great-apes:e1:o3:1
# text = It demonstrated that gorillas consume meat habitually
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	consume	consume	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	habitually	habitually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demonstrate** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic |
| 2 | **consume** | present | gorillas | meat |  |  |  | habitually *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Asset |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It demonstrated that chimpanzees are incapable of using tools

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:16-the-great-apes:e1:o4:1
# text = It demonstrated that chimpanzees are incapable of using tools
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demonstrate** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | chimpanzees |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | gerund | chimpanzees *not said here* | tools |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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