---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepes… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of the African lungfish during drought? Exam question 3 of lesson 160 «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pr
---

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# Exam question 3 · The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish an…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of the African lungfish during drought?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, conduct · **To what, where:** conduct, African lungfish

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 160 «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/160-the-congo-river/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:160-the-congo-river:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of the African lungfish during drought?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	lungfish	lungfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	during	during	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the conduct of the African lungfish |  |  | during drought | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **conduct** |  |  | the African lungfish |  |  |  |  | nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It ascends into the trees until the rains resume

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:160-the-congo-river:e3:o1:1
# text = It ascends into the trees until the rains resume
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ascends	ascend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	until	until	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rains	rain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	resume	resume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascend** | present | It |  |  | the trees | until rains resume |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into tree=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It encases itself in mud and a cocoon of slime and breathes air until the return of rain

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:160-the-congo-river:e3:o2:1
# text = It encases itself in mud and a cocoon of slime and breathes air until the return of rain
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	encases	encase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cocoon	cocoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	slime	slime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	breathes	breathe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	until	until	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encase** | present | It | itself *= it* |  | mud and a cocoon of slime |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **breathe** | present |  | air |  |  | until the return of rain |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 3 | **return** |  | rain |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It migrates overland to the nearest permanent river, travelling by night upon its fins

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:160-the-congo-river:e3:o3:1
# text = It migrates overland to the nearest permanent river, travelling by night upon its fins
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	migrates	migrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	overland	overland	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
7	permanent	permanent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **migrate** | present | It |  |  |  |  | to the nearest permanent river; overland *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **travel** | gerund |  |  |  | river's fins | night |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon fin=Trajectory |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It perishes upon the evaporation of the water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:160-the-congo-river:e3:o4:1
# text = It perishes upon the evaporation of the water
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perishes	perish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | present | It |  |  |  |  | upon the evaporation of the water | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **evaporate** |  |  | the water |  |  |  |  | nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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