---
title: A lizard opens yellow flaps and sails from one tree to the next. Wha… — Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy… · tree and pragmatics
description: A lizard opens yellow flaps and sails from one tree to the next. What is it? Test 9 of lesson 162 «Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Test 9 · Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lizard opens yellow flaps and sails from one tree to the next. What is it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** lizard · **What happens:** open, be · **To what, where:** yellow flaps, next, one tree

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 of lesson 162 «Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A lizard opens yellow flaps and sails from one tree to the next.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris:t9:1
# text = A lizard opens yellow flaps and sails from one tree to the next.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	flaps	flap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sails	sail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | a lizard | yellow flaps and sails | the next | one tree |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent flap=Patient to next=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris:t9:2
# text = What is it?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | lizard |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby bird learning to fly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris:t9:o1:1
# text = A baby bird learning to fly
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | gerund | a baby bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fly** | to-infinitive | a baby bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bat with yellow wings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris:t9:o2:1
# text = A bat with yellow wings
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flying snake

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris:t9:o3:1
# text = A flying snake
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Draco lizard gliding on skin held by ribs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris:t9:o4:1
# text = A Draco lizard gliding on skin held by ribs
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Draco	Draco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	gliding	glide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ribs	rib	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glide** | gerund | a Draco lizard *not said here* |  |  | skin |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on skin=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hold** | participle · passive | ribs | a Draco lizard |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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