---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur? Exam question 3 of lesson 163 «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Exam question 3 · Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, tail · **To what, where:** social organisation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 163 «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	tailed	tail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	lemur	lemur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the social organisation of the tailed lemur |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tail** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leadership is assumed by the youngest animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa:e3:o1:1
# text = Leadership is assumed by the youngest animals
1	Leadership	leadership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	assumed	assume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assume** | present · passive | the youngest animals | Leadership |  |  |  |  | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single male is selected as king of the group

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa:e3:o2:1
# text = A single male is selected as king of the group
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	selected	select	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | present · passive |  | a single male |  |  |  | as king of the group | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as king=Attribute |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Females occupy the position of leadership within the group

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa:e3:o3:1
# text = Females occupy the position of leadership within the group
1	Females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occupy	occupy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	leadership	leadership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	within	within	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occupy** | present | Females | the position of leadership |  |  |  | within the group | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus position=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No individual exercises any leadership

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa:e3:o4:1
# text = No individual exercises any leadership
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	exercises	exercise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	leadership	leadership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exercise** | present | no individual | any leadership |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leadership=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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