---
title: Identify the principal purposes for which the chameleon effects chan… — Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal purposes for which the chameleon effects changes in its colouration. Exam question 1 of lesson 164 «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Exam question 1 · Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baoba…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal purposes for which the chameleon effects changes in its colouration.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, chameleon effects · **What happens:** identify, change · **To what, where:** principal purposes, colouration

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 164 «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal purposes for which the chameleon effects changes in its colouration.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	purposes	purpose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	colouration	colouration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal purposes |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent purpose=Theme |
| 2 | **change** | present | the chameleon effects |  |  | its colouration |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The attraction of insect prey by means of flashing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e1:o1:1
# text = The attraction of insect prey by means of flashing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	attraction	attraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	flashing	flashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the attraction of insect prey |  |  |  |  | of flashing | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **attract** |  |  | insect prey |  |  |  |  | nom attraction «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exact reproduction of any pattern upon which the animal happens to rest, even a printed page

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e1:o2:1
# text = The exact reproduction of any pattern upon which the animal happens to rest, even a printed page
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | the animal |  |  |  |  | upon any pattern | tree rules |
| 2 | **rest** | to-infinitive | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **reproduce** |  | any pattern |  |  |  |  |  | nom reproduction «process intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Concealment from human observers exclusively

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e1:o3:1
# text = Concealment from human observers exclusively
1	Concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	observers	observer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The display of mood, communication with others and regulation of body temperature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e1:o4:1
# text = The display of mood, communication with others and regulation of body temperature
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	display	display	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	regulation	regulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **display** |  |  | mood |  |  |  |  | nom display «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **regulate** |  |  | body temperature |  |  |  |  | nom regulation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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