--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge… · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the means by which the Madagascar hissing cockroach produces its sound? Exam question 3 of lesson 164 «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/e3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/) / e3 # Exam question 3 · Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baoba… Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the means by which the Madagascar hissing cockroach produces its sound? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** the, Madagascar · **What happens:** follow, characteris, mean, hiss, produce · **To what, where:** cockroach, sound · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is exam question 3 of lesson 164 «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/#e3). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e3:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the means by which the Madagascar hissing cockroach produces its sound? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 nsubj _ _ 10 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 ccomp _ _ 11 by by ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 obl _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Madagascar Madagascar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 15 hissing hiss VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 acl _ _ 16 cockroach cockroach NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 produces produce VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 ccomp _ _ 18 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **mean** | present | the | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **hiss** | gerund | the Madagascar *not said here* | cockroach | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cockroach=Topic | | 5 | **produce** | present | the Madagascar | Madagascar's sound | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} The hind legs are rubbed vigorously against the edges of the wings, as in the cricket ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e3:o1:1 # text = The hind legs are rubbed vigorously against the edges of the wings, as in the cricket 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 hind hind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 rubbed rub VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 vigorously vigorously ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 7 against against ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 edges edge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 as as ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 cricket cricket NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rub** | present · passive | | the hind legs | | the edges of the wings | | as the cricket; vigorously *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme against edge=Destination | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Air is expelled through breathing openings situated on its flanks ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e3:o2:1 # text = Air is expelled through breathing openings situated on its flanks 1 Air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 expelled expel VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 through through ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 breathing breathe VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 amod _ _ 6 openings opening NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 situated situate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 on on ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 flanks flank NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **expel** | present · passive | | Air | | breathing openings | | | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **breathe** | gerund | | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **situate** | participle | | breathing openings *not said here* | | Air's flanks | | | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on flank=Destination | ### Option 3 {#o3} The wings are vibrated at great speed ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e3:o3:1 # text = The wings are vibrated at great speed 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 vibrated vibrate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **vibrate** | present · passive | | the wings | | great speed | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ### Option 4 {#o4} The jaws are struck rapidly together ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth:e3:o4:1 # text = The jaws are struck rapidly together 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 jaws jaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 struck strike VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 rapidly rapidly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 together together ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **strike** | present · passive | | the jaws | | | | rapidly, together *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/e2/) - next →: [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed ge…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/e4/) - ↑ back to [Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/164-madagascar-chameleons-geckos-tenrecs-baobabs-and-darwins-moth/)