---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The Australian outback: red kangaroos,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the red kangaroo? Exam question 3 of lesson 165 «The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 3 · The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the red kangaroo?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** red kangaroo

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 165 «The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the red kangaroo?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the red kangaroo |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the largest of the marsupials and is capable of hopping at speeds exceeding fifty kilometres per hour

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads:e3:o1:1
# text = It is the largest of the marsupials and is capable of hopping at speeds exceeding fifty kilometres per hour
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	marsupials	marsupial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	capable	capable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	hopping	hop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	speeds	speed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
16	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	per	per	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of the marsupials; large *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | capable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hop** | gerund |  |  |  | speeds |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Trajectory |
| 4 | **exceed** | gerund |  | fifty kilometres |  |  | per hour |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kilometre=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the smallest of the marsupials

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads:e3:o2:1
# text = It is the smallest of the marsupials
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	marsupials	marsupial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of the marsupials; small *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a placental mammal related to the deer, and it moves about by leaping from rock to rock

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads:e3:o3:1
# text = It is a placental mammal related to the deer, and it moves about by leaping from rock to rock
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	placental	placental	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	about	about	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a placental mammal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move about** | present | deer |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **leap** | gerund | deer *not said here* |  |  | rock |  | to rock | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to rock=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It moves exclusively by walking on all four limbs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads:e3:o4:1
# text = It moves exclusively by walking on all four limbs
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	limbs	limb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | It |  |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  | all four limbs |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on limb=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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