---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the inland taipan, notwithst… — Australia's venomous animals and why f… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the inland taipan, notwithstanding the toxicity of its venom, has scarcely ever bitten a human being. Exam question 1 of lesson 166 «Australia's venomous animals and why few people die» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree a
---

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# Exam question 1 · Australia's venomous animals and why few people die

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the inland taipan, notwithstanding the toxicity of its venom, has scarcely ever bitten a human being.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, notwithstand, have, bite · **To what, where:** principal reason, toxicity, human

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 166 «Australia's venomous animals and why few people die» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the inland taipan, notwithstanding the toxicity of its venom, has scarcely ever bitten a human being.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	inland	inland	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	taipan	taipan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
19	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	21	advmod	_	_
21	bitten	bite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	xcomp	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	obj	_	_
24	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  | for the inland taipan | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **notwithstand** | gerund | you *not said here* | the toxicity of toxicity's venom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bite** | participle |  | a human |  |  | ever | scarcely *property* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent human=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is devoid of fangs and therefore entirely incapable of biting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die:e1:o1:1
# text = It is devoid of fangs and therefore entirely incapable of biting
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	devoid	devoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fangs	fang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	incapable	incapable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	biting	biting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of fangs; devoid *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its venom is harmless to human beings and dangerous only to mice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die:e1:o2:1
# text = Its venom is harmless to human beings and dangerous only to mice
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Its venom |  |  |  |  | to human beings; to mice; harmless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Its venom *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is active exclusively during the winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die:e1:o3:1
# text = It is active exclusively during the winter
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  | winter | active, exclusively *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is of a retiring disposition and inhabits remote desert regions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die:e1:o4:1
# text = It is of a retiring disposition and inhabits remote desert regions
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	disposition	disposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	inhabits	inhabit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	remote	remote	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of a retiring disposition | tree rules |
| 3 | **inhabit** | present |  | remote desert regions |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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