---
title: Identify the statement most consistent with the established understa… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the statement most consistent with the established understanding of the relationship between humans and chimpanzees. Exam question 1 of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each o
---

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# Exam question 1 · How close are apes to us?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the statement most consistent with the established understanding of the relationship between humans and chimpanzees.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, establish, understand · **To what, where:** statement, relationship

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e1:1
# text = Identify the statement most consistent with the established understanding of the relationship between humans and chimpanzees.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the statement |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent statement=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **understand** |  |  | the relationship between humans and chimpanzees |  |  |  |  | nom understanding «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chimpanzees are descended directly from present-day humans

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e1:o1:1
# text = Chimpanzees are descended directly from present-day humans
1	Chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present · passive |  | Chimpanzees |  |  |  | from day humans; directly *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No relationship of any kind exists between the two species

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e1:o2:1
# text = No relationship of any kind exists between the two species
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | no relationship of any kind |  |  | the two species |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between species=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both descend from a common ancestor that lived some six to seven million years ago

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e1:o3:1
# text = Both descend from a common ancestor that lived some six to seven million years ago
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	descend	descend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
10	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present | Both |  |  | a common ancestor |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Location |
| 2 | **live** | past | a common ancestor |  |  |  | year |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans are descended directly from the chimpanzees living in Africa at the present day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e1:o4:1
# text = Humans are descended directly from the chimpanzees living in Africa at the present day
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present · passive |  | Humans |  | the chimpanzees |  | directly *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | the chimpanzees *not said here* |  |  | Africa | day |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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