--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the fossil hereinafter referred to as Lucy? Exam question 3 of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/e3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [How close are apes to us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/) / e3 # Exam question 3 · How close are apes to us? Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the fossil hereinafter referred to as Lucy? **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, refer · **To what, where:** fossil hereinafter This is exam question 3 of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/#e3). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e3:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the fossil hereinafter referred to as Lucy? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 hereinafter hereinafter NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 12 referred refer VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 12 obl _ _ 14 as as ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Lucy Lucy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | the fossil hereinafter | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **refer** | participle | | the fossil hereinafter *not said here* | | | | as Lucy | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} The skeleton of a modern chimpanzee recovered from a zoological garden ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e3:o1:1 # text = The skeleton of a modern chimpanzee recovered from a zoological garden 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 skeleton skeleton NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 modern modern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 chimpanzee chimpanzee NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 7 recovered recover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 zoological zoological ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 garden garden NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **recover** | past | the skeleton of a modern chimpanzee | | | a zoological garden | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from garden=Source | ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2} An early human relative of some 3.2 million years ago that walked upright ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e3:o2:1 # text = An early human relative of some 3.2 million years ago that walked upright 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 relative relative NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 6 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 9 det _ _ 7 3.2 3.2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac 8 compound _ _ 8 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 10 ago ago ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 walked walk VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 13 upright upright ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **walk** | past | a early human relative of some million years | | | | | upright *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} The remains of a dinosaur contemporaneous with early humans ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e3:o3:1 # text = The remains of a dinosaur contemporaneous with early humans 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 remains remains NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 6 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 contemporaneous contemporaneous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 humans human NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 4 {#o4} A fossil gorilla incapable of upright locomotion ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:e3:o4:1 # text = A fossil gorilla incapable of upright locomotion 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 gorilla gorilla NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 incapable incapable NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 upright upright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 locomotion locomotion NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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