---
title: Why can a human run a marathon in the heat when a chimp could not? — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics
description: Why can a human run a marathon in the heat when a chimp could not? Test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · ★★★ · How close are apes to us?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why can a human run a marathon in the heat when a chimp could not?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** run · **To what, where:** marathon, heat

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This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t11:1
# text = Why can a human run a marathon in the heat when a chimp could not?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	marathon	marathon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	chimp	chimp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | can |  | a marathon |  | the heat |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent marathon=Theme in heat=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have more legs than a chimp

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t11:o1:1
# text = We have more legs than a chimp
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chimp	chimp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We | more legs |  |  |  | than a chimp | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We breathe through our skin, which cools us down as we run along

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t11:o2:1
# text = We breathe through our skin, which cools us down as we run along
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
14	along	along	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | We |  |  | our skin |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cool down** | present | our skin | us |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
| 3 | **run along** | present | we |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sweat a lot and have little fur, so we stay cool

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t11:o3:1
# text = We sweat a lot and have little fur, so we stay cool
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sweat	sweat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sweat** | present | We | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | We *not said here* | little fur |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient |
| 3 | **stay** | present | we |  |  |  |  | cool *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chimps are allergic to running

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t11:o4:1
# text = Chimps are allergic to running
1	Chimps	chimp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	allergic	allergic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Chimps |  |  |  |  | allergic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | Chimps *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [How close are apes to us?, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/t10/)
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